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Turkish EPA on Process Emissions

·3 mins
Environment Safety
Table of Contents

The primary regulation is the Sanayi Kaynaklı Hava Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliği (SKHKKY), or “Regulation on Control of Industrial Air Pollution.” This document outlines the specific emission limit values (emisyon sınır değerleri) for various processes.

Here are the key limits relevant to your operation.

Chlor-Alkali Process Emissions #

For the chlor-alkali production process, the primary hazardous gas emissions are Chlorine (\(\text{Klor}\)) and potentially Hydrogen Chloride (\(\text{Hidrojen Klorür}\)). The limits are found in the annexes of the SKHKKY (e.g., Ek-1).

Chlorine (\(\text{Cl}_2\)) #

This is the most critical emission from the electrolysis and liquefaction process.

  • Mass Flow Threshold: If the mass flow (Kütlesel Debi) of \(\text{Cl}_2\) is \(\ge 15 \ \text{g/saat}\) (grams per hour)…
  • Emission Limit: The concentration in the waste gas must be \(\le 3 \ \text{mg/Nm}^3\).

Hydrogen Chloride (\(\text{HCl}\)) #

This applies to emissions from any process, including storage tank vents or scrubber outlets.

  • Mass Flow Threshold: If the mass flow of \(\text{HCl}\) is \(\ge 100 \ \text{g/saat}\)…
  • Emission Limit: The concentration in the waste gas must be \(\le 10 \ \text{mg/Nm}^3\).

Coal-Fired Boiler (Utility) Emissions #

Emissions from combustion plants \((\text{Yakma Tesisleri})\) are regulated based on their thermal power, \(P_{th}\), in megawatts \(\text{MW}_{th}\).

Assuming a typical industrial boiler with a thermal input \(P_{th} \ge 50 \ \text{MW}\), the following concentration limits (at a standard \(6\%\ \text{O}_2\) correction) generally apply.

  • Sulfur Dioxide (\(\text{SO}_2\)): \(\le 400 \ \text{mg/Nm}^3\)
  • Nitrogen Oxides (\(\text{NO}_x\), as \(\text{NO}_2\)): \(\le 300 \ \text{mg/Nm}^3\)
  • Dust (Particulate Matter, \(\text{Toz}\)): \(\le 30 \ \text{mg/Nm}^3\)
  • Carbon Monoxide (\(\text{CO}\)): \(\le 200 \ \text{mg/Nm}^3\)

Note: These values will vary depending on the plant’s commissioning date (new vs. existing) and the specific fuel type.

Everyday Units #

Understanding the units is essential for correct monitoring.

  • Concentration: \(\text{mg/Nm}^3\) $$ \text{Concentration} = \frac{\text{Mass of Pollutant (mg)}}{\text{Volume of Gas (Nm}^3)} $$
  • Normal Cubic Meter (\(\text{Nm}^3\)): This is a standardized volume. The regulation defines “Normal” conditions as:
    • Temperature (\(T\)): \(273.15 \ \text{K}\) (or \(0^\circ\text{C}\))
    • Pressure (\(P\)): \(101.3 \ \text{kPa}\) (or \(1 \ \text{atm}\))
  • Correction for \(\text{O}_2\): Boiler emissions must be reported on a dry gas basis and corrected to a reference oxygen percentage, \(\text{O}_{2 \ \text{ref}}\), which is typically \(6\%\) for solid fuels. The formula is:

$$C_{\text{corrected}} = C_{\text{measured}} \times (21 - \text{O}_{2 \ \text{ref}})$$

$$\times \ \frac{1}{21 - \text{O}_{2 \ \text{measured}}}$$

Where \(C_{\text{measured}}\) is your actual reading and \(\text{O}_{2 \ \text{measured}}\) is your actual oxygen reading.

  1. To ensure compliance, your plant must operate Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS), known in Turkish as Sürekli Emisyon Ölçüm Sistemleri (SEÖS), especially for the boiler stack.
  2. Consult the official Resmi Gazete (Official Gazette) publication of the “Sanayi Kaynaklı Hava Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliği” for the exact, legally-binding requirements